For CBCL scores, there were significant main effects of AE and ADHD on all scores and significant AE × ADHD interactions for Withdrawn/Depressed, Somatic Complaints, Attention, and all Summary scores. For comorbidity, children with ADHD had increased psychiatric disorders regardless of AE, which did not have an independent effect on comorbidity. There was a combined effect of AE and ADHD on conduct disorder.
ResultsĬlinical groups had greater frequency of all psychiatric disorders, except for anxiety, where the AE- and CON groups did not differ. The frequency of specific psychiatric disorders, number of psychiatric disorders (comorbidity), and CBCL behavioral scores were examined using chi-square and analysis of covariance techniques. Subjects comprised 4 groups: AE with ADHD (AE+, n = 85) and without ADHD (AE−, n = 52), and nonexposed with ADHD (ADHD, n = 74) and without ADHD (CON, n = 133). Primary caregivers of 344 children (8 to 16 years, M = 12.28) completed the Computerized Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV (C-DISC-4.0) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). This study examined prevalence of psychiatric disorders and behavioral problems in children with and without prenatal alcohol exposure (AE) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
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